[Spring Boot Basics] Phân trang và sắp xếp trong Spring Boot: Pageable, Sort và trả kết quả phân trang qua API

    @Column(nullable = false)
    private int stock;
 
    private Integer rating; 
 
    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, optional = false)
    @JoinColumn(name = "category_id", nullable = false)
    private Category category;
 
    @ManyToMany
    @JoinTable(name = "product_tags",
            joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "product_id"),
            inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "tag_id"))
    private Set<Tag> tags = new HashSet<>();
 
    // constructor and the other getters as in article 28
 
    public Integer getRating() { 
        return rating; 
    } 
 
    public void setRating(Integer rating) { 
        this.rating = rating; 
    } 

package com.example.demo.product;
 
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.List;
 
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
@Order(1)
class CatalogSeeder implements CommandLineRunner {
 
    private final CategoryRepository categories;
    private final TagRepository tags;
    private final ProductRepository products;
 
    CatalogSeeder(CategoryRepository categories, TagRepository tags, ProductRepository products) {
        this.categories = categories;
        this.tags = tags;
        this.products = products;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) {
        if (products.count() > 0) {
            return;
        }
        Category keyboards = categories.save(new Category("Keyboards"));
        Category mice = categories.save(new Category("Mice"));
        Category monitors = categories.save(new Category("Monitors"));
        Category accessories = categories.save(new Category("Accessories"));
        Tag mechanical = tags.save(new Tag("mechanical"));
        Tag wireless = tags.save(new Tag("wireless"));
        Tag rgb = tags.save(new Tag("rgb"));
        Tag bestseller = tags.save(new Tag("bestseller"));
        Tag usbC = tags.save(new Tag("usb-c"));
        products.saveAll(List.of(
                product("Mechanical keyboard", "KB-01", "89.90", 25, 5, keyboards, mechanical, rgb, bestseller),
                product("Compact keyboard", "KB-02", "59.00", 12, 4, keyboards, mechanical),
                product("Wireless keyboard", "KB-03", "45.50", 0, null, keyboards, wireless),
                product("Ergonomic keyboard", "KB-04", "129.00", 7, 4, keyboards),
                product("Gaming keyboard", "KB-05", "99.00", 9, null, keyboards, mechanical, rgb),
                product("Low-profile keyboard", "KB-06", "74.00", 14, 3, keyboards, wireless),
                product("Numeric keypad", "KB-07", "19.90", 30, null, keyboards),
                product("Wireless mouse", "MS-01", "24.50", 3, 4, mice, wireless, bestseller),
                product("Gaming mouse", "MS-02", "49.90", 18, 5, mice, rgb),
                product("Vertical mouse", "MS-03", "39.00", 0, null, mice),
                product("Trackball mouse", "MS-04", "54.00", 6, 3, mice, wireless),
                product("Travel mouse", "MS-05", "19.90", 22, null, mice, wireless, usbC),
                product("Silent mouse", "MS-06", "22.00", 40, 4, mice),
                product("27-inch monitor", "MN-01", "279.00", 6, 4, monitors, usbC),
                product("32-inch 4K monitor", "MN-02", "449.00", 2, 5, monitors, usbC, bestseller),
                product("Portable monitor", "MN-03", "189.00", 9, null, monitors, usbC),
                product("Ultrawide monitor", "MN-04", "399.00", 4, 4, monitors),
                product("USB-C hub", "AC-01", "39.00", 40, 5, accessories, usbC, bestseller),
                product("iPad stand", "AC-02", "34.90", 15, null, accessories),
                product("Mouse pad XL", "AC-03", "19.90", 60, 4, accessories, rgb),
                product("Webcam 1080p", "AC-04", "64.00", 14, 3, accessories, usbC),
                product("Cable organiser", "AC-05", "12.50", 33, null, accessories),
                product("Desk lamp", "AC-06", "45.50", 11, 4, accessories)));
    }
 
    private static Product product(String name, String sku, String price, int stock, Integer rating,
                                   Category category, Tag... tags) {
        Product product = new Product(name, sku, new BigDecimal(price), stock, category);
        product.setRating(rating);
        product.getTags().addAll(List.of(tags));
        return product;
    }
}

spring.application.name=demo
spring.jpa.open-in-view=false
logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL=DEBUG

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:55429/shop
spring.datasource.username=shop
spring.datasource.password=secret
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create

docker run -d --name sb-a29-pg -e POSTGRES_USER=shop -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=secret -e POSTGRES_DB=shop -p 55429:5432 postgres:18

./gradlew -q bootJar

java -jar build/libs/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=lab --spring.main.web-application-type=none --logging.level.org.hibernate.orm.jdbc.bind=TRACE

package com.example.demo.product;
 
import java.util.List;
 
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.EntityGraph;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
 
public interface ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long> {
 
    @Override
    @EntityGraph(attributePaths = "category")
    List<Product> findAll();
}

package com.example.demo.product;
 
import java.math.BigDecimal;
 
public record ProductResponse(Long id, String name, String sku, BigDecimal price, int stock, Integer rating,
                              String category) {
}

    public ProductResponse toResponse(Product product) {
        return new ProductResponse(product.getId(), product.getName(), product.getSku(), product.getPrice(),
                product.getStock(), product.getRating(), product.getCategory().getName());
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public List<Product> findAll() {
        return repository.findAll();
    }

package com.example.demo.product;
 
import java.util.List;
 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/products")
public class ProductController {
 
    private final ProductService service;
    private final ProductMapper mapper;
 
    public ProductController(ProductService service, ProductMapper mapper) {
        this.service = service;
        this.mapper = mapper;
    }
 
    @GetMapping
    public List<ProductResponse> findAll() {
        return service.findAll().stream()
                .map(mapper::toResponse)
                .toList();
    }
}

select setseed(0.29);
truncate product_tags, products restart identity;
insert into products (name, sku, price, stock, rating, category_id)
select 'Product ' || g,
       'SKU-' || lpad(g::text, 5, '0'),
       round((10 + random() * 490)::numeric, 2),
       (random() * 100)::int,
       case when g % 4 = 0 then null else 1 + g % 5 end,
       1 + g % 4
from generate_series(1, 50000) as g;
analyze products;

docker exec -i sb-a29-pg psql -U shop -d shop < seed-50k.sql

curl -s -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code} %{size_download} %{time_total}\n' http://localhost:8129/api/products

200 5651608 0.098135
200 5651608 0.095069
200 5651608 0.081495
200 5651608 0.078082
200 5651608 0.068285

select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,c1_0.id,c1_0.name,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 join categories c1_0 on c1_0.id=p1_0.category_id

productRepository.findAll(Sort.by("price").descending());
productRepository.findAll(Sort.by("rating").descending().and(Sort.by("price")));

>>> findAll(Sort.by("price").descending())  toString=price: DESC
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 order by p1_0.price desc
>>> findAll(Sort.by("rating").descending().and(Sort.by("price")))  toString=rating: DESC,price: ASC
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 order by p1_0.rating desc,p1_0.price

    content [8:MS-01 24.50, 19:AC-02 34.90, 10:MS-03 39.00, 18:AC-01 39.00, 23:AC-06 45.50]

    content [8:MS-01 24.50, 19:AC-02 34.90, 18:AC-01 39.00, 10:MS-03 39.00, 3:KB-03 45.50]

productRepository.findAll(Sort.by(Sort.Order.asc("name").ignoreCase()));

>>> findAll(Sort.by(Sort.Order.asc("name").ignoreCase()))  toString=name: ASC, ignoring case
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 order by lower(p1_0.name)

productRepository.findAll(Sort.by(Product::getPrice));
productRepository.findAll(Sort.by(Sort.Direction.DESC, Product::getPrice));

>>> findAll(Sort.by(Product::getPrice))  toString=price: ASC
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 order by p1_0.price
>>> findAll(Sort.by(Sort.Direction.DESC, Product::getPrice))  toString=price: DESC
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 order by p1_0.price desc

>>> findAll(Sort.sort(Product.class).by(Product::getPrice).descending())
!!! org.springframework.aop.framework.AopConfigException: Could not generate CGLIB subclass of class java.math.BigDecimal: Common causes of this problem include using a final class or a non-visible class
!!! caused by org.springframework.cglib.core.ReflectUtils$1: ClassLoader mismatch for [java.math.BigDecimal]: JVM should be started with --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED for ClassLoader.defineClass to be accessible on org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.LaunchedClassLoader; consider co-locating the affected class in that target ClassLoader instead.
!!! caused by java.lang.IllegalAccessException: module java.base does not open java.math to unnamed module @3e58a80e

PageRequest request = PageRequest.of(0, 5, Sort.by("price"));

>>> PageRequest.of(0, 5, Sort.by("price")) toString=Page request [number: 0, size 5, sort: price: ASC] offset=0 next=Page request [number: 1, size 5, sort: price: ASC] previousOrFirst=Page request [number: 0, size 5, sort: price: ASC]

    Page<Product> findByCategoryName(String name, Pageable pageable); 
 
    Slice<Product> findSliceByCategoryName(String name, Pageable pageable); 
 
    List<Product> findListByCategoryName(String name, Pageable pageable); 

>>> findByCategoryName("Keyboards", PageRequest.of(0, 5, Sort.by("price")))
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 join categories c1_0 on c1_0.id=p1_0.category_id where c1_0.name=? order by p1_0.price fetch first ? rows only
binding parameter (1:VARCHAR) <- [Keyboards]
binding parameter (2:INTEGER) <- [5]
select count(p1_0.id) from products p1_0 join categories c1_0 on c1_0.id=p1_0.category_id where c1_0.name=?
binding parameter (1:VARCHAR) <- [Keyboards]
    content [7:KB-07 19.90, 3:KB-03 45.50, 2:KB-02 59.00, 6:KB-06 74.00, 1:KB-01 89.90]
    getNumber=0 getSize=5 getNumberOfElements=5 getTotalElements=7 getTotalPages=2 hasNext=true hasPrevious=false isFirst=true isLast=false class=PageImpl

>>> findSliceByCategoryName("Keyboards", PageRequest.of(0, 5, Sort.by("price")))
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 join categories c1_0 on c1_0.id=p1_0.category_id where c1_0.name=? order by p1_0.price fetch first ? rows only
binding parameter (1:VARCHAR) <- [Keyboards]
binding parameter (2:INTEGER) <- [6]
    content [7:KB-07 19.90, 3:KB-03 45.50, 2:KB-02 59.00, 6:KB-06 74.00, 1:KB-01 89.90]
    getNumber=0 getSize=5 getNumberOfElements=5 hasNext=true isLast=false class=SliceImpl

>>> findListByCategoryName("Keyboards", PageRequest.of(1, 5, Sort.by("price")))
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 join categories c1_0 on c1_0.id=p1_0.category_id where c1_0.name=? order by p1_0.price offset ? rows fetch first ? rows only
binding parameter (1:VARCHAR) <- [Keyboards]
binding parameter (2:INTEGER) <- [5]
binding parameter (3:INTEGER) <- [5]
    content [5:KB-05 99.00, 4:KB-04 129.00] size=2

>>> findByCategoryName("Keyboards", PageRequest.of(1, 5, Sort.by("price")))
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 join categories c1_0 on c1_0.id=p1_0.category_id where c1_0.name=? order by p1_0.price offset ? rows fetch first ? rows only
binding parameter (1:VARCHAR) <- [Keyboards]
binding parameter (2:INTEGER) <- [5]
binding parameter (3:INTEGER) <- [5]
    content [5:KB-05 99.00, 4:KB-04 129.00]
    getNumber=1 getSize=5 getNumberOfElements=2 getTotalElements=7 getTotalPages=2 hasNext=false hasPrevious=true isFirst=false isLast=true class=PageImpl

>>> findByCategoryName("Keyboards", PageRequest.of(3, 5, Sort.by("price")))
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 join categories c1_0 on c1_0.id=p1_0.category_id where c1_0.name=? order by p1_0.price offset ? rows fetch first ? rows only
binding parameter (1:VARCHAR) <- [Keyboards]
binding parameter (2:INTEGER) <- [15]
binding parameter (3:INTEGER) <- [5]
select count(p1_0.id) from products p1_0 join categories c1_0 on c1_0.id=p1_0.category_id where c1_0.name=?
binding parameter (1:VARCHAR) <- [Keyboards]
    content []
    getNumber=3 getSize=5 getNumberOfElements=0 getTotalElements=7 getTotalPages=2 hasNext=false hasPrevious=true isFirst=false isLast=true class=PageImpl

    @Query("select p from Product p where p.price <= :maxPrice") 
    Page<Product> findUpToPrice(BigDecimal maxPrice, Pageable pageable); 

>>> findUpToPrice(50, PageRequest.of(1, 5, Sort.by("price")))  [JPQL]
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 where p1_0.price<=? order by p1_0.price offset ? rows fetch first ? rows only
binding parameter (1:NUMERIC) <- [50]
binding parameter (2:INTEGER) <- [5]
binding parameter (3:INTEGER) <- [5]
select count(p1_0.id) from products p1_0 where p1_0.price<=?
binding parameter (1:NUMERIC) <- [50]
    content [8:MS-01 24.50, 19:AC-02 34.90, 18:AC-01 39.00, 10:MS-03 39.00, 3:KB-03 45.50]
    getNumber=1 getSize=5 getNumberOfElements=5 getTotalElements=12 getTotalPages=3 hasNext=true hasPrevious=true isFirst=false isLast=false class=PageImpl

    @Query(value = "select * from products where price <= :maxPrice", nativeQuery = true) 
    Page<Product> findUpToPriceNative(BigDecimal maxPrice, Pageable pageable); 
 
    @Query(value = "select * from products where price <= :maxPrice", 
            countQuery = "select count(*) from products where price <= :maxPrice", 
            nativeQuery = true) 
    Page<Product> findUpToPriceNativeCounted(BigDecimal maxPrice, Pageable pageable); 

>>> findUpToPriceNative(50, PageRequest.of(1, 5, Sort.by("price")))  [native, no countQuery]
select * from products where price <= ? order by price asc offset ? rows fetch next ? rows only
binding parameter (1:NUMERIC) <- [50]
select count(1) from products where price <= ?
binding parameter (1:NUMERIC) <- [50]
    content [8:MS-01 24.50, 19:AC-02 34.90, 10:MS-03 39.00, 18:AC-01 39.00, 3:KB-03 45.50]
    getNumber=1 getSize=5 getNumberOfElements=5 getTotalElements=12 getTotalPages=3 hasNext=true hasPrevious=true isFirst=false isLast=false class=PageImpl
>>> findUpToPriceNativeCounted(50, PageRequest.of(1, 5, Sort.by("price")))  [native, countQuery]
select * from products where price <= ? order by price asc offset ? rows fetch next ? rows only
binding parameter (1:NUMERIC) <- [50]
select count(*) from products where price <= ?
binding parameter (1:NUMERIC) <- [50]
    content [8:MS-01 24.50, 19:AC-02 34.90, 10:MS-03 39.00, 18:AC-01 39.00, 3:KB-03 45.50]
    getNumber=1 getSize=5 getNumberOfElements=5 getTotalElements=12 getTotalPages=3 hasNext=true hasPrevious=true isFirst=false isLast=false class=PageImpl

    @Query("select p from Product p left join fetch p.tags") 
    Page<Product> findAllWithTags(Pageable pageable); 

>>> findAllWithTags(PageRequest.of(1, 5, Sort.by("id")))  [left join fetch p.tags]
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock,t1_0.product_id,t1_1.id,t1_1.name from (select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 order by p1_0.id offset ? rows fetch first ? rows only) p1_0(id,category_id,name,price,rating,sku,stock) left join product_tags t1_0 on p1_0.id=t1_0.product_id left join tags t1_1 on t1_1.id=t1_0.tag_id order by p1_0.id
binding parameter (1:INTEGER) <- [5]
binding parameter (2:INTEGER) <- [5]
select count(p1_0.id) from products p1_0 left join product_tags t1_0 on p1_0.id=t1_0.product_id
    content [6:KB-06 74.00 tags=[wireless], 7:KB-07 19.90 tags=[], 8:MS-01 24.50 tags=[bestseller, wireless], 9:MS-02 49.90 tags=[rgb], 10:MS-03 39.00 tags=[]]
    getNumber=1 getSize=5 getNumberOfElements=5 getTotalElements=30 getTotalPages=6 hasNext=true hasPrevious=true isFirst=false isLast=false class=PageImpl

    @Query("select p from Product p left join fetch p.tags") 
    @Query(value = "select p from Product p left join fetch p.tags", 
            countQuery = "select count(p) from Product p") 
    Page<Product> findAllWithTags(Pageable pageable);

select count(p1_0.id) from products p1_0
    content [6:KB-06 74.00 tags=[wireless], 7:KB-07 19.90 tags=[], 8:MS-01 24.50 tags=[bestseller, wireless], 9:MS-02 49.90 tags=[rgb], 10:MS-03 39.00 tags=[]]
    getNumber=1 getSize=5 getNumberOfElements=5 getTotalElements=23 getTotalPages=5 hasNext=true hasPrevious=true isFirst=false isLast=false class=PageImpl

    @Override
    @EntityGraph(attributePaths = "category")
    List<Product> findAll();
 
    @Override
    @EntityGraph(attributePaths = "category") 
    Page<Product> findAll(Pageable pageable); 

    @Transactional(readOnly = true) 
    public Page<Product> findPage(Pageable pageable) { 
        return repository.findAll(pageable); 
    } 

package com.example.demo.product;
 
import java.util.List; 
 
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page; 
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/products")
public class ProductController {
 
    private final ProductService service;
    private final ProductMapper mapper;
 
    public ProductController(ProductService service, ProductMapper mapper) {
        this.service = service;
        this.mapper = mapper;
    }
 
    @GetMapping
    public List<ProductResponse> findAll() { 
        return service.findAll().stream() 
                .map(mapper::toResponse) 
                .toList(); 
    public Page<ProductResponse> findAll(Pageable pageable) { 
        return service.findPage(pageable).map(mapper::toResponse); 
    }
}

   DataWebAutoConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required classes 'org.springframework.data.web.PageableHandlerMethodArgumentResolver', 'org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer' (OnClassCondition)
      - found 'session' scope (OnWebApplicationCondition)
      - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.data.web.PageableHandlerMethodArgumentResolver; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

curl -i 'http://localhost:8129/api/products?page=0&size=20&sort=price,desc&sort=name,asc'

select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,c1_0.id,c1_0.name,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 join categories c1_0 on c1_0.id=p1_0.category_id order by p1_0.price desc,p1_0.name offset ? rows fetch first ? rows only
select count(p1_0.id) from products p1_0

curl -i 'http://localhost:8129/api/products?page=1&size=3&sort=price,desc&sort=name,asc'

HTTP/1.1 200
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 648
Date: Sun, 13 Sep 2026 10:36:15 GMT
 
{"content":[{"id":16,"name":"Portable monitor","sku":"MN-03","price":189.00,"stock":9,"rating":null,"category":"Monitors"},{"id":4,"name":"Ergonomic keyboard","sku":"KB-04","price":129.00,"stock":7,"rating":4,"category":"Keyboards"},{"id":5,"name":"Gaming keyboard","sku":"KB-05","price":99.00,"stock":9,"rating":null,"category":"Keyboards"}],"empty":false,"first":false,"last":false,"number":1,"numberOfElements":3,"pageable":{"offset":3,"pageNumber":1,"pageSize":3,"paged":true,"sort":{"empty":false,"sorted":true,"unsorted":false},"unpaged":false},"size":3,"sort":{"empty":false,"sorted":true,"unsorted":false},"totalElements":23,"totalPages":8}

2026-09-13T17:36:15.957+07:00  WARN 43597 --- [demo] [nio-8129-exec-1] ration$PageModule$WarningLoggingModifier : Serializing PageImpl instances as-is is not supported, meaning that there is no guarantee about the stability of the resulting JSON structure!
	For a stable JSON structure, please use Spring Data's PagedModel (globally via @EnableSpringDataWebSupport(pageSerializationMode = VIA_DTO))
	or Spring HATEOAS and Spring Data's PagedResourcesAssembler as documented in https://docs.spring.io/spring-data/commons/reference/repositories/core-extensions.html#core.web.pageables.

HTTP/1.1 200
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 406
Date: Sun, 13 Sep 2026 10:36:19 GMT
 
{"content":[{"id":16,"name":"Portable monitor","sku":"MN-03","price":189.00,"stock":9,"rating":null,"category":"Monitors"},{"id":4,"name":"Ergonomic keyboard","sku":"KB-04","price":129.00,"stock":7,"rating":4,"category":"Keyboards"},{"id":5,"name":"Gaming keyboard","sku":"KB-05","price":99.00,"stock":9,"rating":null,"category":"Keyboards"}],"page":{"size":3,"number":1,"totalElements":23,"totalPages":8}}

package com.example.demo.common;
 
import java.util.List;
 
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
 
public record PageResponse<T>(List<T> content, int page, int size, long totalElements, int totalPages,
                              boolean hasNext) {
 
    public static <T> PageResponse<T> from(Page<T> page) {
        return new PageResponse<>(page.getContent(), page.getNumber(), page.getSize(),
                page.getTotalElements(), page.getTotalPages(), page.hasNext());
    }
}

    @GetMapping
    public Page<ProductResponse> findAll(Pageable pageable) { 
        return service.findPage(pageable).map(mapper::toResponse); 
    public PageResponse<ProductResponse> findAll(Pageable pageable) { 
        return PageResponse.from(service.findPage(pageable).map(mapper::toResponse)); 
    }

HTTP/1.1 200
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 410
Date: Sun, 13 Sep 2026 10:40:35 GMT
 
{"content":[{"id":16,"name":"Portable monitor","sku":"MN-03","price":189.00,"stock":9,"rating":null,"category":"Monitors"},{"id":4,"name":"Ergonomic keyboard","sku":"KB-04","price":129.00,"stock":7,"rating":4,"category":"Keyboards"},{"id":5,"name":"Gaming keyboard","sku":"KB-05","price":99.00,"stock":9,"rating":null,"category":"Keyboards"}],"page":1,"size":3,"totalElements":23,"totalPages":8,"hasNext":true}

select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,c1_0.id,c1_0.name,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 join categories c1_0 on c1_0.id=p1_0.category_id offset ? rows fetch first ? rows only

select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,c1_0.id,c1_0.name,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 join categories c1_0 on c1_0.id=p1_0.category_id order by p1_0.id offset ? rows fetch first ? rows only
binding parameter (1:INTEGER) <- [0]
binding parameter (2:INTEGER) <- [10]

import com.example.demo.common.PageResponse;
 
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.web.PageableDefault; 
 
// ...
 
    @GetMapping
    public PageResponse<ProductResponse> findAll(Pageable pageable) { 
    public PageResponse<ProductResponse> findAll(@PageableDefault(size = 20, sort = "id") Pageable pageable) { 
        return PageResponse.from(service.findPage(pageable).map(mapper::toResponse));
    }

curl -s 'http://localhost:8129/api/products?page=1&size=3'

{"content":[{"id":1,"name":"Mechanical keyboard","sku":"KB-01","price":89.90,"stock":25,"rating":5,"category":"Keyboards"},{"id":2,"name":"Compact keyboard","sku":"KB-02","price":59.00,"stock":12,"rating":4,"category":"Keyboards"},{"id":3,"name":"Wireless keyboard","sku":"KB-03","price":45.50,"stock":0,"rating":null,"category":"Keyboards"}],"page":0,"size":3,"totalElements":23,"totalPages":8,"hasNext":true}

select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,c1_0.id,c1_0.name,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 join categories c1_0 on c1_0.id=p1_0.category_id order by c1_0.name,p1_0.price offset ? rows fetch first ? rows only

curl -i 'http://localhost:8129/api/products?sort=foo'

HTTP/1.1 500
Content-Type: application/json
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Sun, 13 Sep 2026 10:36:16 GMT
Connection: close
 
{"timestamp":"2026-09-13T10:36:16.068Z","status":500,"error":"Internal Server Error","path":"/api/products"}

2026-09-13T17:36:16.063+07:00 ERROR 43597 --- [demo] [nio-8129-exec-4] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/].[dispatcherServlet]    : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed: org.springframework.data.core.PropertyReferenceException: No property 'foo' found for type 'Product'] with root cause

import org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException;
import org.springframework.data.core.PropertyReferenceException; 
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ProblemDetail;
 
// ...
 
    @ExceptionHandler(PropertyReferenceException.class) 
    public ProblemDetail unknownSortProperty(PropertyReferenceException e) { 
        return ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, 
                "Unknown sort property: " + e.getPropertyName()); 
    } 

HTTP/1.1 400
Content-Type: application/problem+json
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Sun, 13 Sep 2026 10:40:36 GMT
Connection: close
 
{"detail":"Unknown sort property: foo","instance":"/api/products","status":400,"title":"Bad Request"}

 Limit  (cost=0.44..1.67 rows=20 width=577) (actual rows=20.00 loops=1)
   Buffers: shared hit=11
   ->  Nested Loop  (cost=0.44..3070.82 rows=50000 width=577) (actual rows=20.00 loops=1)
         Buffers: shared hit=11
         ->  Index Scan using products_pkey on products p1_0  (cost=0.29..1825.29 rows=50000 width=53) (actual rows=20.00 loops=1)

 Limit  (cost=3069.59..3070.82 rows=20 width=577) (actual rows=20.00 loops=1)
   Buffers: shared hit=662
   ->  Nested Loop  (cost=0.44..3070.82 rows=50000 width=577) (actual rows=50000.00 loops=1)
         Buffers: shared hit=662
         ->  Index Scan using products_pkey on products p1_0  (cost=0.29..1825.29 rows=50000 width=53) (actual rows=50000.00 loops=1)

    Window<Product> findFirst20ByOrderByIdAsc(ScrollPosition position); 

Window<Product> first = productRepository.findFirst20ByOrderByIdAsc(ScrollPosition.keyset());
ScrollPosition next = first.positionAt(first.size() - 1);
Window<Product> deep = productRepository.findFirst20ByOrderByIdAsc(ScrollPosition.forward(Map.of("id", 49980L)));

>>> findFirst20ByOrderByIdAsc(ScrollPosition.keyset())
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 order by p1_0.id fetch first ? rows only
binding parameter (1:INTEGER) <- [21]
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20] hasNext=true pos=KeysetScrollPosition [FORWARD, {id=20}]
>>> findFirst20ByOrderByIdAsc(KeysetScrollPosition [FORWARD, {id=49980}])
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 where p1_0.id>? order by p1_0.id fetch first ? rows only
binding parameter (1:BIGINT) <- [49980]
binding parameter (2:INTEGER) <- [21]
    [49981, 49982, 49983, 49984, 49985, 49986, 49987, 49988, 49989, 49990, 49991, 49992, 49993, 49994, 49995, 49996, 49997, 49998, 49999, 50000] hasNext=false

 Limit  (cost=0.29..8.62 rows=19 width=53) (actual rows=20.00 loops=1)
   Buffers: shared hit=6
   ->  Index Scan using products_pkey on products p1_0  (cost=0.29..8.62 rows=19 width=53) (actual rows=20.00 loops=1)
         Index Cond: (id > 49980)

>>> findFirst5ByOrderByPriceAsc(KeysetScrollPosition [FORWARD, {id=13, price=22.00}])
select p1_0.id,p1_0.category_id,p1_0.name,p1_0.price,p1_0.rating,p1_0.sku,p1_0.stock from products p1_0 where p1_0.price>? or p1_0.price=? and p1_0.id>? order by p1_0.price,p1_0.id fetch first ? rows only
binding parameter (1:NUMERIC) <- [22.00]
binding parameter (2:NUMERIC) <- [22.00]
binding parameter (3:BIGINT) <- [13]
binding parameter (4:INTEGER) <- [6]
    [8:MS-01 24.50, 19:AC-02 34.90, 10:MS-03 39.00, 18:AC-01 39.00, 3:KB-03 45.50] size=5 hasNext=true isLast=false class=WindowImpl